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SOCIAL MOVEMENT

The word movement is common and can take many forms. A collective movement comes to life when there is a new "we." To better understand the social movements should be given a definition of social group: it is a group of people interacting with each other in relatively stable continuity in patterns, which are defined as members of the group and are defined as such by others. Collective behavior is when many people trovano contemporaneamente sottoposte ad uno stesso stimolo a cui reagiscono in maniera simile, ne sono esempi: la folla, il panico e il movimento sociale. Gli studiosi europei a fine '800, analizzano la “folla” che rientra nei comportamenti collettivi attribuendo ad essa connotazioni negative; Le bon scrive che essa contagia ciascun individuo rendendolo suggestionabile dell’agire degli altri in un circolo vizioso di reciproca esaltazione in cui è facile che tutti ci si consegni in cieca sottomissione a leaders fanatici. Essa è frutto di pulsioni irrazionali la cui radicalità va contrastata in nome del ripristino delle condizioni di stabilità e razionalità del sistema sociale. In risposta, in America, nella prima metà del 900, the Chicago school coined the term "collective behavior" by giving the dignity of this term either pathological or irrational behavior, but configuring it as a form of creative collective action. Within the non-conventional forms of participation can be distinguished according to Alberoni: - aggregate collective phenomena in which a multiplicity of people behave the same way but each individual while behaving like the others, really act in itself (eg . fashion, panic, speculative boom) - the phenomena of collective group that includes the full social movement, hence the collective process that occurs produces a change in the interaction subjects that are part and their solidarity. Each challenges the cultural backgrounds and social environment in which it was before. It is the experience of the "nascent state" that a specific mode of social transformation.
E 'movements can be defined as forms of collective solidarity innovative, fluid in form, directed at changing the forms of relationship existing between the members inside, who clashed with the existing institutional structures in order to modify it by replacing the founding values \u200b\u200bwith those experienced within the group.
Melucci said that a social movement is when there is social conflict and a breakdown of the limits of compatibility system. There are three basic systems of reference for the collective mode of production, the political system, social organization. Depending on the system within which lie the conflict and break the rules we have three types of social movements: antagonistic political claims. In the past the collective actor claims a different distribution of resources within the organization, the struggle for a more efficient operation of the device, but clashes with the power of imposing the rules and forms of division of labor. A political movement fighting for the widening of participation in the decisions and struggles against the imbalance of the political game which benefits more certain interests over others. A motion antagonist is the bearer of a conflict that involves the mode of production resources of a society and call into question the objectives of social production and direction of development. It is the most abstract category since no movement can never be solely antagonist. Located in a concrete society, a movement through the organizational systems and forms of representation and political decision.
the birth of a movement is a counter movement, the appearance of a nascent state institutions forcing them to become a movement, in turn, to become whatever the outcome of the conflict with the movement, something different from what they were before. The movement is a
controsocietà that has something in common and something that differentiates it from the company that wants to turn. The common factor in the need to give themselves an organization, the different time span of experience. The experience of movement is fluid and transient experience destined to end what was moving when it becomes an organizational system with rules, hierarchies and roles. The outcome of the conflict between movement and institution are of four types: either dissolves in a blaze illusory, or is repressed in the blood, or institutionalized, or dies. The most complex and lasting peace in which we can institutionalize the movement is that of political party.
The militants of the social movements are not the marginal, the uprooted, the excluded. Those who enter there place in the process of mobilizing a collective identity that comes from previous networks of belonging. Those who rebel against the first are those who experience an intolerable contradiction between collective identity existing and new social relations imposed by the change.
Catanzaro identifies the main causes of feeble collective action in the south in what he called ambiguous class locations. The spread of those occupying multiple positions which creates a conflict of interest between the different roles of work and the difficulty in defining their best interests. This hampers the emergence of solidarity training areas prone to collective action.
The emergence of new actors in recent decades has led some scholars to talk about new social movements. There is an increasing demand for participation, decision-making autonomy. In parallel we are witnessing the emergence of new lifestyles in relation to quality of life, consumption, identity-changing needs. All without any reference to the centrality of political parties and trade unions. In the old movement was the push towards the recognition of conditions that led to the development of inequality. In the new emphasis is placed on recognition and enhancement of the right to exist some differences.

Homemade Monitor Stand

Wednesday, December 3 at 17.30
Seminar "Phenomenon Ultras"
Claudio Dionesalvi

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sull'autoriforma The laboratory has been activated.
Day 25 was analyzed by the law 180/08
Tomorrow, November 27 at 15
analyze all other laws relating to the University.
You are all invited to participate.
The workshop will conclude with the drafting of a document
,

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Brief Analysis of Law 133/08 and 180/08 dl

The Collective of Political Science is a political entity that has taken shape after the 'University of the Assembly on October 28 with the goal of protest to oppose a strong, free and autonomous government measures put in place by the Minister Tremonti Gelmini and as they constitute a clear and deliberate attack on the education system and public universities. The birth of the team finds a significant moment in the occupation of classroom G4, an area captured in dell’università con il proposito di sviluppare un’analisi e una riflessione sui contenuti e sugli effetti di questi provvedimenti.
L’immediata abrogazione delle leggi 133/08 e 169/08, e il ritiro del dl 180/08, del disegno di legge n. 953 presentato dall’on. Aprea e dei progetti di contro-riforma organica dell'Università preannunciati ("Linee guida del Governo per l'Università") dal ministro Gelmini rappresentano solo l’inizio della lotta che il Collettivo si propone di portare avanti. Noi studenti partiamo da una condizione comune che è quella di aver subito per anni riforme che applicando una logica aziendalistica di costi/benefici all’università, testimoniata anche da un linguaggio monetize that knowledge (debit / credit), the universities have slipped in a state of cultural poverty. This is common experience that allows us to state clearly that in years of reform there was a government "friend" and that puts us in perspective will build an autonomous path whose starting point is the arrival of our idea of \u200b\u200buniversity.
Our idea can move from the University of constant confrontation between students, teachers and researchers, through the development of methods of construction and horizontal transmission of educational content. Knowledge leads to the production of open, critical and interdisciplinary activities through the dissemination of seminars and cultural self-managed with the aim of developing multiple levels of analysis and interpretation in the academic world. Allows a reappropriation of time and ways of knowledge built from intellectual needs, ethical and material needs of those whose lives the University.
Ours is the struggle of those who want to defend and expand the public, mass and quality of schools, University and Research. That is the Collective is opposed to any hypothesis of the introduction of private interests (NO absolute foundations) and within these institutions that claim the right to study and become substantial for all chargeable. With the aim to pursue, specifically, its watchwords the Collective intends to outline each time different and more consistent practices non-violent mobilization to be taken, from parades to occupations, from demonstrations to various art forms, from teaching to open and self- production of leaflets, documents and newspapers.

How was introduced to the law 133/08?
The law is the law 133/2008 of Decree-Law 112/08 approved by the government (in just 9 minutes!) June 25, 2008 and on "Urgent provisions for economic development, simplification, competitiveness, the stabilization della finanza pubblica e la perequazione tributaria” 1 . Il primo punto su cui vogliamo soffermarci è l’iter legislativo utilizzato per introdurre queste disposizioni nel nostro ordinamento: il decreto legge. Esso, ai sensi dell'art. 77 della Costituzione, è un atto normativo avente forza di legge, adottato in casi straordinari (assoluta imprevedibilità delle circostanze) di necessità (è indispensabile provvedere subito) ed urgenza (non è possibile procedere con il normale procedimento legislativo) dal Governo. La straordinarietà dello strumento normativo si riconduce alla deroga al principio di rappresentatività, in quanto sottrae al Parlamento, sia pure per un periodo di tempo limitato (60 gg.), l'esercizio della funzione legislativa. Infatti il d.l. entra in vigore immediatamente, il giorno stesso (o il giorno successivo) della pubblicazione sulla Gazzetta ufficiale , ma se non viene convertito in legge dal Parlamento entro 60 giorni dalla sua pubblicazione, decade retroattivamente (ex tunc): è come se non fosse mai esistito. La Corte Costituzionale considera un requisito unico la straordinarietà, la necessità e l'urgenza. La stessa Corte si è recentemente (sentenza 29/1995) dichiarata competente a verificare la sussistenza di detti presupposti, in particolare affermando di poter dichiarare l'incostituzionalità del decreto legge nel caso di evidente mancanza degli stessi. Nel 2007 (sent. 171/2007) la stessa Look for the first time annulled a dl for lack of clear requirements and clarified that the conversion can not save the parliamentary vice, which affects the separation of powers and not only on the political relationship between Parliament and Government. We believe that at least the part that concerns us most closely, namely the provisions relating to the University and research, government intervention is not present with the above requirements of extraordinary need and urgency, but rather constitutes a real its reform of the university system, placing in fact in direct conflict with the spirit and letter of the Constitution.
is important to note that the university reforms are not never been discussed and approved in Parliament as such, but have always lived in the shadow of other more broader. Just think of the reform of the so-called 3 +2, launched by the then Minister Luigi Berlinguer, carried out by the then Minister Zecchino, Bassanini within the law concerning the
think that a huge cauldron that merged the fields of disparate intervention. To realize just scroll down the list of Heads of Law: Innovation, Business, Energy, Building and Infrastructure, Education and Research, liberalization and deregulation, simplification, business plan of the government, Justice, Privatization, State budget, expenditure restraint in the public sector, the domestic stability pact, expenditure on health and disability, taxation tax equalization

government in its entirety 1. In this case the "reform", which actually seeks to undermine the public character of the university, was hidden inside a measure of an economic nature, related to the budget law, as practiced binary preferential because on it recently has been established the practice of trust by the government and also the time required for approval are contingent, since, if the state budget is not approved by December 31, it runs into so-called Provisional . The measures

Law 133/08 on the University consists of 85 articles that address various topics. The items that most affect the University are two: 16 and 66.
Article. 66 is composed of 14 paragraphs dealing with the three-year planning of staff requirements of various government and public bodies, with a number of rationalization measures 2 . At paragraph 13 shall include both a reduction of teachers (the turn-over block) and a drastic reduction in FFO.
block the turn-over 3 limits over the next five years, the turnover of staff of the university. This is done through a mechanism that, in research, allow entry of only two researchers for every ten teachers in output in 2009-2011, and an intake every two retirement until 2012. This measure does nothing but strengthen an already established on the disparity in labor relations, on the one hand, the hyper-supervision of professors and associates and other researchers are insecure, because it captures the actual mobility at the base of career paths in science. With this block of assumptions you create a real struggle for survival for those who aspire to become structured personnel: paradoxically only those who work with teachers who have more power within the relevant Faculty will be able to be taken indefinitely, then only those who fall more into the system "baronial" Universities will be able to be hired. Furthermore, the assumptions imply a further reduction of relocation of jobs from teaching staff to the research,
1 Berlinguer Martinotti settled on the Committee which proposed concrete measures for a new autonomy universities and to resolve the issue ever more pressing, the abandonment of the university. The committee's proposals, which made the credit system, a common year of study for each area and an intermediate goal on the entire course of study, are examined and recorded in 1998 by the Sorbonne Declaration, signed by ministers of education England, France, Italy and Germany and later extended to the whole of Europe after the Bologna Declaration, which commits signatories to implement reforms in accordance with the joint of a first-level course may be supplemented with a second cycle begins as the 'was the 3 +2
2 In this case the term "rationalization" means the limitation and reduction of recruitment, whether for a fixed (new hires due to corresponding terminations) that limit (stabilization of temporary workers)
3 The turn over is nothing but the report between retirements and new hires and that the number of workers remains constant, this ratio should be one to one

preventing teachers left to devote appropriately to both research and teaching and thus brings to a sharp deterioration of both.
The fund for the financing of the universities and 'low' of 63.5 million euro for the year 2009 of EUR 190 million for the year 2010 of € 316 million for the year 2011, of 417 million euro for 2012 and € 455 million from the year 2013. "
cut public funding to the university (FFO)

Year Program cuts FFO
in millions of € 63.5


2009 2010 2011


190 316 2012


417 455 2013

Total cuts
1441.5 M €
19.7% FFO 2008
These cuts must be added those provided No dl 93/08 ("Urgent measures to safeguard the purchasing power of families"). Article 5 of this Decree are listed all the cuts necessary to provide cover for the maneuver. In particular, paragraph 7, letter d) provides a linear cut from the year 2010 of 6.78% of "appropriations for the current account expenditure authorizations as determined by Table C of the Law of 24 December 2007, n. 244. This is the table attached to the Finance Act, and includes some items of expenditure devoted to university and the Right to Education. In particular, will reduce the funds allocated for 2010 in respect of:
rules on the right to higher education (Law 390/91) (There were € 143,552,000)
interventions for housing and student residences (they were provided € 31,977,000)
potentiation of university sports (had provided € 11,237,000)
legally recognized non-state universities (There were € 129,880,000) is a cut that works well!
expenses for the operation of the university (they were provided 6.888.231.000 €)

rules on the three-year development plan of the university and for the implementation of the Four Year Plan 1986-1990 (€ 93,729,000 were provided)
Also Article 5 touches the provisions of the so-called "Decree mille-extensions" (ratified by Law 28 February 2008, number 31) Prodi government, which in art. 13-bis was expected to increase the fund to-day duties of the University of EUR 16 million annually from 2008. The decree in question provides for a reduction of this figure to 9 million for 2009 and 9 million for 2010.
We stress that all measures affecting schools and universities were opened in recent months by the government, the assumption, repeated endlessly, a necessary and inevitable cuts in public spending on both. Condition become axiomatic for those - usually just academics-continue to say that in Italy you spend too much for the university 1. Just refer to the data provided by the study "Education at a Glance" published by the OECD in September 2008 2 to refute this thesis. Here are some data relating to Italy and some other countries, for the year 2005:
First, if we consider that the average share of GDP devoted to education in OECD countries is 5.4% which, in the same countries that are flaunted by the government as examples of excellence, spend even more, it seems totally out of place considering that Italy spends too much. In addition to the 2002 Barcelona Protocol has launched an international strategy, also adopted by Italy, which indicates a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) devoted to R & D of 3% by 2010. We are under 1% (downhill), while the OECD and Europe to 27 spend 2.2 and 1, 7%, respectively. None of the G7 countries spend less than 1, 8%.
If you measure the total expenditure on university education relative to GDP 3, that the national wealth, we see that our country occupies the last place (along with Slovakia) with a paltry 0.9% compared to an average value of 1, 3% in the 19
As an example we can cite the article in the German Reform written by Luke (researcher in contemporary history at the University of Roma Tre) 30 October 2008 entitled "We have more funded university in the world" - as fashionable these days-used as a source of analytical data Perotti. According to Perotti data in the OECD publication Education at a Glance, do not take account of students outside the course and that, if one takes into account the presence of the students' full-time equivalents, "the Italian expenditure is the highest in the world after the United States , Switzerland and Sweden. The article opened wide controversy designed to refute the argument put forward by the Roman historian, that of an over-funded university system in Italy. Stands out among all the answer Alessandro Figa Talamanca (Professor of Mathematics at the University "La Sapienza" of Rome) according to which "the OECD data 2008 refers to students' full-time equivalents" and take into account the delay in studies as shown in Table B1.1a and as explained by the technical note attached, which makes explicit reference to the case of Italy "(enclose the note in question as proof of sustainability of the thesis).
2 Download site www.oecd.org
3 Education at a Glance 2008, Table B2.1, p. 237

AESI European OECD up to the maximum value of 1, 7% in Denmark and Finland. To these are added values \u200b\u200bof reach of Korea (2.4%), Canada (2.6%) and USA (2.9%).
If one considers the share of the national government expenditure that is for a university , even in this case Italy alone occupies the last position with 1, 6% when all other European countries have rates above 2% even up to 4.5% in Denmark with a European average of 2.8%. You could
allora supporre che sia alta la spesa italiana per l'università in rapporto al numero degli studenti 2 . Nemmeno questo è vero. Facendo una classifica in dollari (equivalenti) annui spesi per studente, l'Italia con 8.026 dollari occupa in Europa il tredicesimo posto su diciotto. C'è da notare che il dodicesimo posto è occupato dal Portogallo con 8.787 dollari ma che gli altri undici Paesi sono tutti sopra i 10.000 dollari fino al massimo di 15.946 dollari della Svezia, con una media di 10.474 dollari.
All’art. 16 della legge 133 si fornisce la possibilità agli Atenei di trasformarsi in Fondazioni di diritto privato 3 . Da un punto di vista giuridico l’operazione in oggetto richiamerebbe l’istituto the transformation of Articles. 2498 et seq. of the Civil Code which is to change the legal form of a person taking a new legal form and is it subject to the corresponding change in its legal structure, in which case the agency goes public just as a structure foundation under private law, the continuity of assets and liabilities and legal relations in the ownership of the assets of the University (paragraph 2). Indeed, the Law 388 of 2000 and the presidential decree No. 254/01 provide the opportunity for universities to create foundations, in this case intended to serve as operational structures of the universities for the performance of instrumental activities and support teaching and research and the purchase of goods and services to the institutional function of universities. This means that while in earlier legislation the legislature had intended to offer a tool "incidental" to the universities, the current proposal provides for the possible transformation of the Italian universities from public to private. Paragraph 6 puts all decisions to the Academic Senate, which, together with the act of transformation, adopting the statutes and regulations for administration and accounting. It can be summarized as composition and function of university bodies without being bound by the criteria of democratic and representative. We believe we must have at least two considerations on this "principle
1 Education at a Glance 2008, Table B4.1, p. 256
2 Education at a Glance 2008, Table B1.1a, p. 218
3 The Foundation is" an institution private non-profit ", which has at its disposal a wealth to be allocated to specific purposes. The foundation consists of a founder, but also by several persons jointly or several legal persons. Like any organization, the foundation must also have a statute, that is, a set of rules that govern the activities in accordance with the rules laid down by law (Civil Code: Articles. 14-35 and any special laws).

subversive "order university. First, the mere possibility of transformation of public universities in private foundations is in fact very real a possibility precisely because of the substantial downsizing of the fund so ordinary that the same law provides. Secondly, the law is very much at odds with the spirit as well as some basic principles of the Constitution. Article 16 opens with an aside:
"In accordance with Article 33 of the Constitution, in accordance with the laws and autonomy teaching, scientific, organizational and financial, public universities can decide their transformation into private foundations. [...]
Then the measure would be required under Article 33 of the Constitution. But in that the Constitution says otherwise: "Public and private persons have the right to establish schools and educational establishments at no cost to the state." In this case we are facing, rather than the establishment of a private education institute, the transformation of a public body in private company, with considerable cost to the State. As already mentioned, in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Law 133 stipulates that the university foundation "take over all the assets and liabilities and the ownership of the assets of the University "and inherit all the property without paying taxes or no taxes in all these steps. So all the real estate that the University decides to become a Foundation will no longer be public, but the foundation itself. In paragraphs 7 and 8 of Article. 16 states that the university foundations to adopt a regulation for the University administration, finance and accounting, also departing from the accounting regulations of the State and public bodies, subject to the constraints deriving from EU . In fact, the private foundation to the new law ensures full freedom to handle its funds and its finance, accounting rules in derogation of the state. This will mean an increase in tuition fees, currently limited by a ceiling of 20% of total university funds. It 'clear that the individual is committed to the establishment of a foundation university stands to profit targets and not being able to directly pick up a useful, probably will manage orders, contracts and recruitment. If you add to this the risk that research can be conveyed and influenced in its goals and its methods from the interests and aims of the private lender, is in danger and freedom in teaching (so-called educational autonomy) and freedom dell’insegnamento con riferimento all’ambito organizzativo e strutturale.

Il decreto legge 180 /08: cosa cambia?
Il 6 novembre è stato approvato il decreto legge 180/08 dal titolo “Disposizioni urgenti per il diritto allo studio, la valorizzazione del merito e la qualità del sistema universitario e della ricerca". Da più parti, seppur è difficile stabilire se per pura ingenuità o se per vera e propria malafede, il dl 180 è stato accolto come un documento di significativa apertura del Governo dopo i quattro mesi di agitazione universities against the cuts envisaged by Law 133. In our view, the decree does not substantially modify the law in respect of 133 or over cuts or the possibility of transformation of universities into private foundations (and provision remains immaculate as bad as before, becoming its not mention any). Regarding the cuts to university, remain the same as those provided by the Finance Act as those contained in the budget bill for 2009, expenditure on the program where the university system and post-graduate training down "vertically from just over 8 thousand million to € 6.4965 billion in 2011, less than 1.6455 billion euro " 1 . Rispetto alle Fondazioni il decreto non elimina la possibilità da parte degli atenei di trasformarsi in fondazioni private.
La riprova che il dl 180 peggiora in realtà quanto previsto dalla legge 133 sta nello stesso innalzamento al 50% della soglia di personale reclutabile in rapporto ai pensionamenti (art 1, comma 3): esso riguarda infatti gli atenei “virtuosi” sul piano contabile, quelli cioè dove le “spese fisse e obbligatorie per il personale di ruolo” 2 non superano il 90% del FFO, mentre negli altri la soglia è pari a zero. Il principio generale che è alla base del decreto è quello di una distinzione tra gli atenei-cicala, cioè quelli che spendono più del 90% per le spese di personale di ruolo, e per questo non potranno “procedere all'indizione di procedure concorsuali (no concorsi) e di valutazione comparativa (riguarda i ricercatori), ne' all'assunzione di personale”; non potranno accedere ai fondi straordinari stanziati per il reclutamento straordinario dei ricercatori 3 ; e avranno il blocco del turn-over non più al 20% (come era stato previsto nella legge 133/08) ma allo 0%; dall’altra parte ci sono gli atenei-formica, quelli con i conti in ordine, e per i quali il blocco del turn-over (a quota 20 %) salirà al 50 % e le assunzioni dovranno favorire i ricercatori (sia a tempo indeterminato che determinato). Inoltre dal 2009 il 7% del FFO verrà distributed according to transcripts of criteria that the Ministry may establish by December 31. It is 500 million representing very little since the maintenance of the cuts under the 133. But let's look at the specific points of the decree:
a Nicoletta Cottone, University here all the amounts of funding cuts to universities , Il Sole 24 Ore, October 31, 2008
2 Article 51 paragraph 4 L 449/97 linked into the dl 180
3 This fund provides 40 million for 2008 and 80 million for 2009. So far this money has assigned a committee of foreign experts who evaluated the serious researchers who participated in the call, which this year has not yet been issued

The turn-over (Article 1, paragraph 1, 2, 3)
It would seem that in order to block the turn-over distance from 20 to 50%, but this measure excludes all universities who give allowances fixed for the permanent staff of more than 90% of FFO, is for those prohibiting the "proceed with bankruptcy proceedings and benchmarking, it ' recruitment of staff "(Article 1, paragraph 1). Given that, due to cuts in the 2009 Budget all'FFO expected over the next 2-3 years, most universities breached this limit, it is easy to envisage un totale blocco delle assunzioni a tempo indeterminato, nonché il ricorso sempre più urgente e necessario a tipologie contrattuali a tempo determinato (ossia precariato a iosa). Al comma 2 si stabilisce che gli Atenei che hanno sforato il tetto del 90% sono anche esclusi dalla ripartizione dei fondi stanziati per il reclutamento straordinario di ricercatori. Come già detto al comma 3 si stabilisce che nel triennio 2009-2011 le Università “virtuose” possono procedere ogni anno a un'assunzione ogni due cessazioni, anziché a una ogni cinque (mentre le università in cui la spesa per il personale supera il 90% del FFO non possono assumere nessuno!). Sempre allo stesso comma si stabilisce che sul totale della spesa, almeno il 60% deve essere usato per assumere ricercatori e il 10% per assumere professori ordinari. Dunque il principio che distingue un ateneo “cattivo” da uno “buono” è dato dalla percentuale di spesa per il personale: si sceglie di penalizzare un ateneo in base alla percentuale di soldi che esso spende per il personale e, paradossalmente, per questi atenei, il blocco del turn-over non sarà più al 20% (come era stato previsto nella legge 133/08) ma allo 0%.
Norme sul reclutamento (art. 1 comma 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
A nostro avviso è importante dedicare qualche riflessione alla procedura concorsuale introdotta dal dl 180, soprattutto perché è stata presentata come il passo decisivo verso un’università impartial, transparent and which enhance the merit, as well as the coup de grace with respect to the power barons (the end of parentopoli and competitions rigged). We start from the present discipline of the competitions: in it the ordinary aspirants are judged only by ordinary members and ordinary members to be, researchers from full, associate and a researcher. The committee is made up of 5 members for the competitions from the teacher, who is third in the competitions by the researcher. Of the members of the commission, one that is designated by the University announces the competition, and the others are elected by colleagues in the same band and same subject area through a secret vote electronically. Instead, the decree stipulates that 180 le commissioni di concorso, per ogni fascia, siano composte soltanto da professori ordinari, togliendo a associati e ricercatori ogni potere di valutazione. La presenza di un associato è ammessa solo nei concorsi da ricercatore, e solo se è il membro interno. Con tutto questo non si fa altro che annientare il pluralismo decisionale all’interno dell’università e, di fatto il

decreto concentra ancor di più il potere nelle mani degli ordinari che in questo modo rafforzano la posizione di privilegio che i proclami governativi assicuravano di voler abbattere. La nuova procedura mescola l’elezione al sorteggio, infatti i commissari vengono tirati a sorte non dall’intero elettorato, ma da un elenco ristretto (pari al triplo dei posti necessari ) ottenuto mediante una votazione da condursi, presumiamo, col vecchio sistema. Una procedura farraginosa che, come denunciato dall’autorevole rivista scientifica Nature «rischia di produrre effetti nefasti sulla competizione nazionale per selezionare ricercatori e professori che deve iniziare a breve». Il ministro, scrive ancora Nature, «ha introdotto un cambiamento relativamente piccolo nelle procedure delle commissioni che selezionano lo staff. Il risultato però, per niente trascurabile, è che quei concorsi, per 1.800 posti di professore, verranno ritardati almeno di tre mesi. E se vi saranno ricorsi in tribunale, come è possibile, il ritardo potrebbe dilatarsi oltre l'anno» 1 . Fino al decreto 180 i concorsi per diventare ricercatore comportavano due prove scritte e una orale, più la valutazione dei titoli (mentre per quelli da associato gli scritti sono sostituiti da una prova didattica, e in quelli da ordinario c’è solo il colloquio se il candidato è associato, perché la prova l’ha già sostenuta a suo tempo). Con il decreto la valutazione comparativa per il reclutamento dei ricercatori sarà effettuata “sulla base dei titoli e delle pubblicazioni dei candidati, ivi compresa la tesi di dottorato, utilizzando parametri, riconosciuti anche in international arena. " We spontaneously ask if the request for aspiring researchers to present not only titles and publications give more opportunities to competitors actually older, perhaps already with a few books behind. The same valuation of securities must comply with criteria established by a ministerial decree does not regulate the future, based on valuation parameters of type internationally. The latter mainly concern the publications and work quite well known in science, but a little 'less in the humanities.
1 The magazine has published an editorial which analyzes the reform plan submitted by Gelmini, and asked the minister to continue the path set by his predecessor Fabio Mussi, which is to complete the process that led to the creation of ANVUR (National Agency for the Evaluation of higher education and research) in order to "bury" the mechanism of competitions for the recruitment of teachers and researchers. To support its argument, the magazine tries to transfer the Italian system proposed by Gelmini to one of the world's most prestigious universities: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in Cambridge. "Imagine - it says in the magazine - if MIT were to consult Washington every time he wants to hire a professor, then wait for the administration to collect enough questions to be decided at national level set of competitions necessary to allow academics from all universities to elect, in the disciplines that compete each other, a national commission to choose the candidate. A committee which, moreover, only a representative of MIT could sit. " The example shown in Nature shows that it is impossible to prestigious universities, through the method of competitions to choose autonomy and accountability in teachers.

Awarded the best? (Article 2)
A cuts the same, there at least 7% of FFO University Fund and the extraordinary (Prepared by the 2008 budget and made up 550 million for 2008, 550 million for 2009, 550 million for 2010) is moved from locations to locations virtuous virtuous little cd already from 2009, this means that since 2010 when the weight of the cuts will actually hear who is already in trouble will be penalized even more, plus the indication that this will increase 7% progressive. So the share not less than 7% will be afforded to universities only "deserving" based on "quality of training" and "outcomes of educational processes" and "quality of scientific research" and last but not not least "the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of teaching sites. It is important to dwell on the fact that this 7% is added: the cuts are all, it was decided only to distribute the funds cut by different criteria. Paradoxically, the criterion of "downsizing" will benefit the universities that had multiplied unnecessarily supply (creating branches indiscriminately and degree courses) and are therefore able to cut more, to the detriment, in fact, who has practiced decide "virtuous". It is useful to emphasize that "the method of allocation" will be defined by another decree, the Ministry of Education by December 31 and that in decide these rules, the Ministry is bound only to seek the views of the various committees of assessment for teaching and research university (CNVSU). The outline of CNVSU of 2006 was that 30% dell'FFO depended on the quality of research one, but it can never be applied because the government has postponed the launch of ANVUR (Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research ") established by the previous government.

Right to Education (Article 3) This article
allocated 65 million "extra" to finance projects for the construction of housing and residences for students and increases 135 million euro fund additional intervention under Article 16 of Law 390/91. In fact the item in question establishes a fund for the grant of action to supplement student loans from companies and lenders to eligible students to receive and "may also be used for payments of scholarships." In particular art. 16 explains the operation of the fund:
The student loans are granted to students who meet the merit and income from businesses and banks
a Green Paper on public school page 62

be reimbursed in installments (without interest) after completion of studies (or permanent discontinuation) and not before it had started a job
After five years (end of study) is required to repay the loan even if you have not started working. At this time (the one following the end of study) is an interest rate
regions regulate the granting of student loans, and (within budget) provide more guarantees and pay interest
To complement the funding available regions (for the purposes set out above) is set up the supplementary fund
Decision to increase the funding for scholarships and university building is placed in a residual logic, rather than fall within a general plan for financing and robust enlargement effective, the entire mass of students, the tools that actually make available the Right to study. Also, on this measure should analyze the financial and operating the budget bill of 2009 to understand how the cuts are going to affect the number of grants and investments in new housing, that is, you must calculate the net value and not the individual increase under the new decree. One can not emphasize that in order to deal with these two interventions, the Ministry of Education, Universities and research grants from the Fund for underdeveloped areas or FAS established by Law 289/2002, which establishes the Article 60 and 61 interconnecting the two funds for underdeveloped areas (85 per cent in the South) with active the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Industry. To get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe fund for underdeveloped areas included for the years 2004-2007 to € 4.582 billion allocated by the CIPE (Interministerial Committee for Economic Planning).

Annex 1.
6 August 2008, n. 133
conversion Decree-Law of 25 June 2008, n. 112 "Urgent measures for economic development, simplification, competitiveness, public dellafinanza stabilization and tax equalization."
University's happening? D =

Cuts FFO forecast for the next five years for a cut of about € 1.5 billion over the period 2009 to 2013. This decrease without private funding to the university system.
Tax increase
Less research, more precarious
Courses reduced
Loss of Research Publications of the University
bent to the logic of the market PROVISIONS Article 16 and Article 66 of the possible effects:
Block = turn-over requires the universities to set the turn-over of faculty and administrative staff in the next three years to 20% and 50% in 2012.
Faculty of transformation = foundation provides for the possibility for universities to be transformed into a foundation under private law. Paragraph 6 puts all decisions to the Academic Senate, which, together with the act of transformation, adopting the statutes and regulations for administration and accounting. Foundations, "in derogation from the rules of the accounting organization of the state" have the complete financial management

Annex 2 .
DECREE-LAW November 10, 2008, No 180
Urgent provisions for the right to education, the promotion of merit and quality of higher education and research. (OJ No 263 of 10.11.2008)

Article 1 1. The first paragraph blocks bankruptcy, benchmarking and recruitment of staff, that is blocked competitions, recruitment of teaching staff and researchers at those universities that spend more than 90% of state funds allowances fixed for the staff.
2. The universities referred to in paragraph 1 (ie those over 90% of funds in fixed costs and mandatory for permanent staff) will not be able to access funds for the recruitment of outstanding researchers predisposti dalla finanziaria 2006 per gli anni 2008 e 2009.
3. Viene modificato l'articolo 66 della L. 133, ovvero quello sulle assunzioni. Il turn - over, invece che essere del 20% per il 2010 e il 2011 e del 50% per il 2012, diventa 50% per il triennio 2009-2011 e rimane del 50% per il 2012. Rimane il divieto di “procedere all'indizione di procedure concorsuali e di valutazione comparativa, ne' all'assunzione di personale” posto all’art 1, comma 1.
Inoltre si pone un vincolo di spesa, cioè il 60% della spesa per queste assunzioni deve essere per ricercatori (sia a tempo determinato che indeterminato).
4. Ridefinisce la composizione delle commissioni per il reclutamento dei professori.
Le commissioni will consist of a professor appointed by the faculty and four teachers drawn from 15 professors outside elected.
The methods of drawing lots will be established by a decree must leave within 30 days.
5. This committee is responsible for the recruitment of researchers, a professor or associate professors appointed by the faculty and two drawn.
7. Paragraph 7 sets out the arrangements for evaluating the recruitment of researchers, which will be made taking into account the titles of publications and PhD thesis second international standards to be established by a future Order.
8. Simply states the retroactivity of paragraphs 4 and 5.
9. Edit Article 74 of 133 provides that "the revaluation of the number of units of non-managerial staff, making a reduction of at least ten percent of the total expenditure on the number of posts of staff of such personnel," excluding the research institutions.

Article 2 1. This article shares a quota of not less than 7% of FFO and special fund "based on the results of the processes of learning and scientific research and the effective reduction of the courses and the downsizing of the teaching sites. It is clear that 7% is added: the cuts are all, it was decided to distribute only part of the funds cut by different criteria.
2. Simply explained that the method of allocation of this money will be determined by decree by Dec. 31, 2008.

Article 3 1. 65 million in 2009 are intended to finance projects for the construction of housing and student residences.
2. They are intended for 2009 to 135 million fund for the granting of student loans that can also be used for payments of grants.
3. This section defines where the money is taken of paragraphs 1 and 2, or from a fund established in 2002 for underdeveloped areas (mainly concentrated in the south)

Article 4 1. Simply states that the money needed to pay the costs of Article 1 shall be taken by increasing the cuts of Law 133 (except that education and universities).

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3297813325 or write to sanganto@hotmail.it

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ALTERNATIVE LESSON SCHEDULE

5 NOVEMBRE 2008

- p.zza dei Bruzi ore 10.30 prof. Walter Greco

“Giovani e precarietà: una lettura postmoderna”

- aula G4 ore 15.30 prof. Pino Arlacchi

"Organized crime and mass atrocities worldwide"

November 6, 2008

- classroom G4 21 hours prof. Anthony Campennì, prof. Francesco Pieroni and

February (Radio Ciroma) "The seasons of the student movement in Italy"

COLLECTIVE POLITICAL SCIENCE

What Are The Best Socks For Neropathy?

INFORMIAMOCI


The philosophers have only interpreted the world in different ways .. ... now it is time to change it!


LABORATORY AT 11.30 ON THE "POWER" BY PROF. PARINI

DAY MEETING AT 16.00

We encourage all students to participate in order to be informed of the progress of the fight and the next events already scheduled: Friday 7 to Friday 14 and Cosenza in Rome.
The group, after several meetings, has a long list of topics on which to set up a laboratory for self-training. The program will be renewed every meeting on a proposal from the students.
remember that we are not alone, in Italy all the universities are in revolt: Okkupati blocks and self-management is sussegono every day, but still is not over until the government withdraws the law
we'll be here!
Not to go back to sleep ...

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PARTICIPATE

STRUGGLE!

COLLECTIVE POLITICAL SCIENCE
POINT G [4] Employment

Recipe For Pure Lip Remedy

Per il libero pensiero

BUILD ANOTHER UNIVERSITY '

These days we have witnessed in our University to major events. Viera
not ever been in our university such a strong and radical mobilization. It seems proper to make the
the situation and tell what we did in those days and what
still want to do. After the assembly of Ateineo occurred Oct. 28, the 6 dell'Unical may have self-determined their protest. The Faculty of Political Science found it necessary to raise the level of protest by occupying the multipurpose room of G4, which will be held until the end, as headquarters of the collective faculty. The assemblies of 28 and 29 occurred in the classroom were quite subsidiaries. The discussions concluded with a motion to be submitted to the Faculty Council will meet extraordinary that today October 30th at 16. The document calls on the Council to advocate the teaching of the block for two hours a day, which will take place in alternative education. In addition, the meeting considered it necessary to propose to the Board the allocation of credits to those who participate in alternative classes, and to make mandatory the suspension of official courses throughout the first academic period.
The alternative study, which will take place in the classroom G4, 24-hour on 24 workers, Take time to teaching ordinary wants to get that time we need to think about the process of dismantling the public university and beyond, that is not made exclusively by Law 133, but we find that already to switch from Ruberti Zecchino- Berlinguer and the law Moratti. We need to discuss, to face because for too long students have ceased to discuss the issues that affect them personally and everything around them. We need to create another university and it is our duty to do so because our future and who will follow us in our hands. The knowledge can not and should not be subject to market imperatives: the quality che conta non la quantità. Le lezioni alternative danno quelle informazioni che servono durante le assemblee per alzare il livello dell'analisi e creare consapevolmente l'Università che vorremmo.
Giorno 29 la Prof.ssa Loprieno ha tenuto una lezione su "Rifugiati e richiedenti asilo" e oggi 30 Ottobre il Prof. Parini terrà una lezione sulla Mafia in Calabria. Prossimamente toccheremo direttamente il percorso legislativo che riguarda la privatizzazione dell'Università Italiana.
Il collettivo di Scienze Politiche è in continua coordinazione con il resto delle facoltà. Il comitato Unical, promotore della protesta, si riunisce a fine giornata per fare il punto della situazione. Un referente racconta il lavoro che viene svolto in ogni facoltà. All this according to a university building in protest of having the event in Cosenza, 7 and 14 to Roma.Ci want to emphasize that the collective is not a closed organization, and Pert, but are open to all as all laboratories operating within the G4.

Collective Political Science