Geographic Tongue Virus

SOCIAL MOVEMENT

The word movement is common and can take many forms. A collective movement comes to life when there is a new "we." To better understand the social movements should be given a definition of social group: it is a group of people interacting with each other in relatively stable continuity in patterns, which are defined as members of the group and are defined as such by others. Collective behavior is when many people trovano contemporaneamente sottoposte ad uno stesso stimolo a cui reagiscono in maniera simile, ne sono esempi: la folla, il panico e il movimento sociale. Gli studiosi europei a fine '800, analizzano la “folla” che rientra nei comportamenti collettivi attribuendo ad essa connotazioni negative; Le bon scrive che essa contagia ciascun individuo rendendolo suggestionabile dell’agire degli altri in un circolo vizioso di reciproca esaltazione in cui è facile che tutti ci si consegni in cieca sottomissione a leaders fanatici. Essa è frutto di pulsioni irrazionali la cui radicalità va contrastata in nome del ripristino delle condizioni di stabilità e razionalità del sistema sociale. In risposta, in America, nella prima metà del 900, the Chicago school coined the term "collective behavior" by giving the dignity of this term either pathological or irrational behavior, but configuring it as a form of creative collective action. Within the non-conventional forms of participation can be distinguished according to Alberoni: - aggregate collective phenomena in which a multiplicity of people behave the same way but each individual while behaving like the others, really act in itself (eg . fashion, panic, speculative boom) - the phenomena of collective group that includes the full social movement, hence the collective process that occurs produces a change in the interaction subjects that are part and their solidarity. Each challenges the cultural backgrounds and social environment in which it was before. It is the experience of the "nascent state" that a specific mode of social transformation.
E 'movements can be defined as forms of collective solidarity innovative, fluid in form, directed at changing the forms of relationship existing between the members inside, who clashed with the existing institutional structures in order to modify it by replacing the founding values \u200b\u200bwith those experienced within the group.
Melucci said that a social movement is when there is social conflict and a breakdown of the limits of compatibility system. There are three basic systems of reference for the collective mode of production, the political system, social organization. Depending on the system within which lie the conflict and break the rules we have three types of social movements: antagonistic political claims. In the past the collective actor claims a different distribution of resources within the organization, the struggle for a more efficient operation of the device, but clashes with the power of imposing the rules and forms of division of labor. A political movement fighting for the widening of participation in the decisions and struggles against the imbalance of the political game which benefits more certain interests over others. A motion antagonist is the bearer of a conflict that involves the mode of production resources of a society and call into question the objectives of social production and direction of development. It is the most abstract category since no movement can never be solely antagonist. Located in a concrete society, a movement through the organizational systems and forms of representation and political decision.
the birth of a movement is a counter movement, the appearance of a nascent state institutions forcing them to become a movement, in turn, to become whatever the outcome of the conflict with the movement, something different from what they were before. The movement is a
controsocietà that has something in common and something that differentiates it from the company that wants to turn. The common factor in the need to give themselves an organization, the different time span of experience. The experience of movement is fluid and transient experience destined to end what was moving when it becomes an organizational system with rules, hierarchies and roles. The outcome of the conflict between movement and institution are of four types: either dissolves in a blaze illusory, or is repressed in the blood, or institutionalized, or dies. The most complex and lasting peace in which we can institutionalize the movement is that of political party.
The militants of the social movements are not the marginal, the uprooted, the excluded. Those who enter there place in the process of mobilizing a collective identity that comes from previous networks of belonging. Those who rebel against the first are those who experience an intolerable contradiction between collective identity existing and new social relations imposed by the change.
Catanzaro identifies the main causes of feeble collective action in the south in what he called ambiguous class locations. The spread of those occupying multiple positions which creates a conflict of interest between the different roles of work and the difficulty in defining their best interests. This hampers the emergence of solidarity training areas prone to collective action.
The emergence of new actors in recent decades has led some scholars to talk about new social movements. There is an increasing demand for participation, decision-making autonomy. In parallel we are witnessing the emergence of new lifestyles in relation to quality of life, consumption, identity-changing needs. All without any reference to the centrality of political parties and trade unions. In the old movement was the push towards the recognition of conditions that led to the development of inequality. In the new emphasis is placed on recognition and enhancement of the right to exist some differences.